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We present the synthesis and characterization of octaarginine-conjugated Copper-Gad-2 (Arg 8 CG2), a new copper-responsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that combines a Gd 3+ -DO3A scaffold with a thioether-rich receptor for copper recognition. The inclusion of a polyarginine appendage leads to a marked increase in cellular uptake compared to previously reported MRI-based copper sensors of the CG family. Arg 8 CG2 exhibits a 220% increase in relaxivity ( r  1 = 3.9 to 12.5 mM -1 s -1 ) upon 1 : 1 binding with Cu + , with a highly selective response to Cu + over other biologically relevant metal ions. Moreover, Arg 8 CG2 accumulates in cells at nine-fold greater concentrations than the parent CG2 lacking the polyarginine functionality and is retained well in the cell after washing. In cellulo relaxivity measurements and T  1 -weighted phantom images using a Menkes disease model cell line demonstrate the utility of Arg 8 CG2 to report on biological perturbations of exchangeable copper pools.

A cell-permeable gadolinium contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of copper in a Menkes disease model