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Strong effects of the Faraday instability on suspensions of rodlike colloidalparticles are reported through measurements of the critical acceleration and ofthe surface wave amplitude. We show that the transition to parametricallyexcited surface waves displays discontinuous and hysteretic features. Thissubcritical behaviour is attributed to the shear-thinning properties of ourcolloidal suspensions thanks to a phenomenological model based on rheologicaldata under large amplitude oscillatory shear. Birefringence measurementsprovide direct evidence that Faraday waves induce local nematic ordering of therodlike colloids. While local alignment simply follows the surface oscillationsfor dilute, isotropic suspensions, permanent nematic patches are generated bysurface waves in samples close to the isotropic-to-nematic transition and abovethe transition large domains align in the flow direction. This strong couplingbetween the fluid microstructure and a hydrodynamic instability is confirmed bynumerical computations based on the microstructural response of rodlike virusesin shear flow.

Interplay between a hydrodynamic instability and a phase transition: the Faraday instability in dispersions of rodlike colloids