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Shear localization in granular materials is studied experimentally andnumerically. The system consists of two material layers with differenteffective frictions. The presence of the material interface leads to a specialtype of "total internal reflection" of the shear zone. In a wide range ofconfigurations the reflection is characterized by a fixed angle which isanalogous to the critical angle of refraction in optics. The zone leaves andreenters the high friction region at this critical angle and in between itstays near the interface in the low friction region. The formalism describingthe geometry of the shear zones and that of refracted and reflected light beamsis very similar. For the internal visualization of shear localization twoindependent experimental techniques were used (i) excavation and (ii) MagneticResonance Imaging.

Reflection and Exclusion of Shear Zones in Inhomogeneous Granular Materials