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The effect of humic acid (HA) aggregate formation on the photosensitized generation and subsequent quenching of singlet molecular oxygen O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)) was investigated. Time-resolved O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)) phosphorescence traces were obtained from (a) bulk samples of HA dispersions and (b) microscope-based experiments performed upon irradiation of a single HA aggregate. In the bulk experiments, the dependence of the O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)) lifetime on the HA concentration yields a critical concentration for the formation of micrometric HA aggregates of 0.58 g L(-1). This value is consistent with that obtained using pyrene as a fluorescent probe (0.38 g L(-1)). Microscope-based experiments were also performed with HA samples containing added singlet oxygen sensitizers; either the hydrophobic meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) or the hydrophilic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TMPyP). Singlet oxygen phosphorescence could only be detected upon irradiation of TMPyP, a molecule which localizes on the exterior part of the HA aggregates. The inability to detect O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)) phosphorescence from HA samples containing TPP is consistent with the model that the O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)) produced in the interior of the aggregate was completely quenched by the high local concentration of HA reactive groups in this environment.

The role of humic acid aggregation on the kinetics of photosensitized singlet oxygen production and decay