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A new type of polymer nanoparticle (PNP) containing a high density of covalently linked doxorubicin, attached via a non-cleavable amine linkage (amine-linked Dox-PNP) was prepared. Together with a previously reported cleavable carbamate-linked Dox-PNP, this new amine-linked Dox-PNP was subsequently evaluated against free doxorubicin for its cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on SKNSH wild-type and SKrDOX6 doxorubicin-resistant human neuroblastoma cell lines. Analogous cholesterol-containing PNPs (Chol-PNPs) and indomethacin-containing PNPs (IND-PNPs) were also synthesized and used as the non-cytotoxic controls. While neither cell line was affected by Chol-PNPs or IND-PNPs, SKrDOX6 doxorubicin-resistant cells exhibited similar cytotoxic responses to free doxorubicin and both amine- and carbamate-linked Dox-PNPs, suggesting that doxorubicin or the doxorubicin-containing polymer must be the active agent in the latter case. SKNSH wild-type cells also responded to both Dox-PNPs, albeit at a higher apparent concentration than free doxorubicin alone. The growth of SKNSH wild-type cells was significantly inhibited upon incubation with carbamate-linked Dox-PNPs, as with free doxorubicin, over a 7-day period. In comparison to free doxorubicin, carbamate-linked Dox-PNPs produced a longer (72-h) period of initial inhibition in SKrDOX6 doxorubicin-resistant cells.

Synthesis and in vitro activity of ROMP-based polymer nanoparticles