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Catalytic  synthesis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of multi-wall carbon nanotubes are presented.  Silica, zeolite and alumina supported cobalt catalysts were prepared by different methods (impregnation  and ion-adsorption precipitation) and were used to produce nanotubes. The synthesis was carried out  in a fixed bed flow reactor and the process was optimized in order to produce carbon nanotubes on a gram scale.  The influence of various parameters such as the method of catalyst preparation, the nature of the support,  cobalt concentration and reaction conditions on the formation of nanotubes was investigated. The carbon  deposits were measured and the quality of nanotubes was determined by low and high resolution TEM. Multi-wall  straight and coiled nanotubes were found to be fairly  regular with  an average  inner (outer) diameter  of 4–7 nm (8–23 nm) and with lengths up to 0.1 mm.

Production of differently shaped multi-wall carbon nanotubes using various cobalt supported catalysts