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Hepatic macrophages play a central role in disease pathogenesis during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Our previous study found that CD205 +  macrophages in the liver of hepatitis B surface antigen transgenic (HBs-Tg) mice increased significantly compared with those in wild-type mice, and these increased CD205 +  macrophages were involved in CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide-induced liver injury in HBs-Tg mice. Here, we analysed the phenotype and function of CD205 +  macrophages derived from the liver of HBs-Tg mice and patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We found that HBs-Tg mice-derived hepatic macrophages produced larger amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 after stimulation with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides or commensal bacteria DNA than B6 mice-derived hepatic macrophages. Furthermore, hepatic CD205 +  macrophages from HBs-Tg mice showed an activated phenotype and expressed higher levels of inflammatory cytokine genes, chemokine genes, and phagocytosis-related genes than hepatic CD205 −  macrophages. In addition, CD205 +  macrophages displayed an inflammatory phenotype and were increased in the liver of patients with CHB compared with those in healthy controls. Our data suggest that hepatic CD205 +  macrophages are a unique pro-inflammatory subset observed during HBV infection. Thus, development of intervention targeting these cells is warranted for immunotherapy of HBV-induced liver diseases.

Identification of pro-inflammatory CD205+ macrophages in livers of hepatitis B virus transgenic mice and patients with chronic hepatitis B