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In the symbiotic associations between rhizobia and legumes, NodD promotes the expression of the nodulation genes in the presence of appropriate flavonoids. This set of genes is implied in the synthesis of Nodulation factors, which are responsible for launching the nodulation process.  Rhizobium tropici  CIAT 899 is the most successful symbiont of  Phaseolus vulgaris  and can nodulate a variety of legumes. This strain produces Nodulation factors under abiotic stress such as acidity or high concentration of salt. Genome sequencing of CIAT 899 allowed the identification of five  nodD  genes. Whereas NodD1 is essential to nodulate  Leucaena leucocephala, Lotus japonicus  and  Macroptilium atropurpureum , symbiosis with  P. vulgaris  and  Lotus burtii  decreased the nodule number but did not abolish the symbiotic process when NodD1 is absent. Nodulation factor synthesis under salt stress is not regulated by NodD1. Here we confirmed that NodD2 is responsible for the activation of the CIAT 899 symbiotic genes under salt stress. We have demonstrated that NodD1 and NodD2 control the synthesis of the Nod factor necessary for a successful symbiosis with  P. vulgaris  and  L. burtii . This is the first time that NodD is directly implied in the activation of the symbiotic genes under an abiotic stress.

The Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 NodD2 protein regulates the production of Nod factors under salt stress in a flavonoid-independent manner