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Mechanical function of the heart during open-chest cardiac surgery isexclusively monitored by echocardiographic techniques. However, little is knownabout local kinematics, particularly for the reperfused regions after ischemicevents. We report a novel imaging modality, which extracts local and globalkinematic parameters from videos of $\textit{in situ}$ beating hearts,displaying live video cardiograms of the contraction events. A custom algorithmtracked the movement of a video marker positioned $\textit{ad hoc}$ onto aselected area and analyzed, during the entire recording, the contractiontrajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, kinetic energy and force.Moreover, global epicardial velocity and vorticity were analyzed by means ofParticle Image Velocimetry tool. We validated our new technique by i)computational modeling of cardiac ischemia, ii) video recordings ofischemic/reperfused rat hearts, iii) videos of beating human hearts before andafter coronary artery bypass graft, and iv) local Frank-Starling effect. Inrats, we observed a decrement of kinematic parameters during acute ischemia anda significant increment in the same region after reperfusion. We detectedsimilar behavior in operated patients. This modality adds important functionalvalues on cardiac outcomes and supports the intervention in a contact-free andnon-invasive mode. Moreover, it does not require particular operator-dependentskills.

Cardiac kinematic parameters computed from video of $\textit{in situ}$ beating heart