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Chronic stress is known to induce not only anxiety and depressive-like phenotypes in mice but also cognitive impairments, for which the action of classical antidepressant compounds remains unsatisfactory. In this context, we investigated the effects of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) on anxiety-, social- and cognitive-related behaviors, as well as hippocampal  Bdnf , synaptic plasticity markers ( PSD-95, Synaptophysin, Spinophilin, Synapsin I  and  MAP-2 ), and epigenetic modifying enzymes ( MYST2, HDAC2, HDAC6, MLL3, KDM5B, DNMT3B, GADD45B ) gene expression in C57BL/6J mice. CSDS for 10 days provoked long-lasting anxious-like phenotype in the open field and episodic memory deficits in the novel object recognition test. While total  Bdnf  mRNA level was unchanged,  Bdnf  exon IV,  MAP-2, HDAC2, HDAC6  and  MLL3  gene expression was significantly decreased in the CSDS mouse hippocampus. In CSDS mice treated 3 weeks with 50 mg/kg/d agomelatine, an antidepressant with melatonergic receptor agonist and 5-HT 2C  receptor antagonist properties, the anxious-like phenotype was not reversed, but the treatment successfully prevented the cognitive impairments and hippocampal gene expression modifications. Altogether, these data evidenced that, in mice, agomelatine was effective in alleviating stress-induced altered cognitive functions, possibly through a mechanism involving BDNF signaling, synaptic plasticity and epigenetic remodeling.

Effect of agomelatine on memory deficits and hippocampal gene expression induced by chronic social defeat stress in mice