English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The  H19  gene, one of the best known imprinted genes, encodes a long non-coding RNA that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation.  H19  RNA is widely expressed in embryonic tissues, but its expression is restricted in only a few tissues after birth. However, regulation of  H19  gene expression remains poorly understood outside the context of genomic imprinting. Here we identified evolutionarily conserved guanine (G)-rich repeated motifs at the 5′ end of the  H19  coding region that are consistent with theoretically deduced G-quadruplex sequences. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and electrophoretic mobility shift assays with G-quadruplex-specific ligands revealed that the G-rich motif, located immediately downstream of the transcription start site (TSS), forms a G-quadruplex structure  in vitro . By using a series of mutant forms of  H19  harboring deletion or G-to-A substitutions, we found that the  H19 -G-quadruplex regulates  H19  gene expression. We further showed that transcription factors Sp1 and E2F1 were associated with the  H19 -G-quadruplex to either suppress or promote the  H19  transcription, respectively. Moreover,  H19  expression during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells appears to be regulated by a genomic  H19  G-quadruplex. These results demonstrate that the G-quadruplex structure immediately downstream of the TSS functions as a novel regulatory element for  H19  gene expression.

A G-quadruplex structure at the 5′ end of the H19 coding region regulates H19 transcription