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Pseudomonas aeruginosa  is the primary cause of chronic airway infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Persistent infections are seen from the first  P. aeruginosa  culture in about 75% of young CF patients, and it is important to discover new ways to detect  P. aeruginosa  at an earlier stage. The  P. aeruginosa  biomarker hydrogen cyanide (HCN) contains a triple bond, which is utilized in this study because of the resulting characteristic C≡N peak at 2135 cm −1  in a Raman spectrum. The Raman signal was enhanced by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on a Au-coated SERS substrate. After long-term infection, a mutation in the patho-adaptive  lasR  gene can alter the expression of HCN, which is why it is sometimes not possible to detect HCN in the breath of chronically infected patients. Four  P. aeruginosa  reference strains and 12 clinical  P. aeruginosa  strains isolated from CF children were evaluated, and HCN was clearly detected from overnight cultures of all wild type-like isolates and half of the later isolates from the same patients. The clinical impact could be that  P. aeruginosa  infections could be detected at an earlier stage, because daily breath sampling with an immediate output could be possible with a point-of-care SERS device.

SERS detection of the biomarker hydrogen cyanide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures isolated from cystic fibrosis patients