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The regulatory role of redox-sensing regulator Rex was investigated in  Streptomyces avermitilis . Eleven genes/operons were demonstrated to be directly regulated by Rex; these genes/operons are involved in aerobic metabolism, morphological differentiation, and secondary metabolism. Rex represses transcription of target genes/operons by binding to Rex operator (ROP) sequences in the promoter regions. NADH reduces DNA-binding activity of Rex to target promoters, while NAD +  competitively binds to Rex and modulates its DNA-binding activity. Rex plays an essential regulatory role in aerobic metabolism by controlling expression of the respiratory genes  atpIBEFHAGDC, cydA1B1CD, nuoA1-N1, rex - hemAC1DB, hppA , and  ndh2 . Rex also regulates morphological differentiation by repressing expression of  wblE , which encodes a putative WhiB-family transcriptional regulator. A  rex -deletion mutant (Drex) showed higher avermectin production than the wild-type strain ATCC31267, and was more tolerant of oxygen limitation conditions in regard to avermectin production.

Redox-sensing regulator Rex regulates aerobic metabolism, morphological differentiation, and avermectin production in Streptomyces avermitilis