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This study focused on the mechanisms that fatty acid conjugating strains -  Bifidobacterium breve  NCIMB 702258 and  Bifidobacterium breve  DPC 6330 - influence lipid metabolism when ingested with α-linolenic acid (ALA) enriched diet. Four groups of BALB/c mice received ALA enriched diet (3% (w/w)) either alone or in combination with  B. breve  NCIMB 702258 or  B. breve  DPC 6330 (10 9  CFU/day) or unsupplemented control diet for six weeks. The overall  n -3 PUFA score was increased in all groups receiving the ALA enriched diet. Hepatic peroxisomal beta oxidation increased following supplementation of the ALA enriched diet with  B. breve (P  < 0.05) and so the ability of the strains to produce  c 9 t 11 conjuga t ed linoleic acid (CLA) was identified in adipose tissue. Furthermore, a strain specific effect of  B. breve  NCIMB 702258 was found on the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Liver triglycerides (TAG) were reduced following ALA supplementation, compared with unsupplemented controls ( P  < 0.01) while intervention with  B. breve  further reduced liver TAG ( P  < 0.01), compared with the ALA enriched control. These data indicate that the interactions of the gut microbiota with fatty acid metabolism directly affect host health by modulating  n -3 PUFA score and the ECS.

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Bifidobacterium breve with α-linolenic acid alters the composition, distribution and transcription factor activity associated with metabolism and absorption of fat