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A semi-comprehensive metabolomics was used to identify the candidate metabolites and genes to decipher mechanisms of resistance in wheat near-isogenic lines (NILs) containing  QTL-2DL  against  Fusarium graminearum (Fg) . Metabolites, with high fold-change in abundance, belonging to  hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs ): such as coumaroylagmatine, coumaroylputrescine and  Fatty acids : phosphatidic acids (PAs) were identified as resistance related induced (RRI) metabolites in rachis of resistant NIL (NIL-R), inoculated with  Fg.  A WRKY like transcription factor (TF) was identified within the  QTL-2DL  region, along with three resistance genes that biosynthesized RRI metabolites. Sequencing and  in-silico  analysis of  WRKY  confirmed it to be wheat  TaWRKY70 . Quantitative real time-PCR studies showed a higher expression of  TaWRKY70  in NIL-R as compared to NIL-S after  Fg  inoculation. Further, the functional validation of  TaWRKY70  based on virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) in NIL-R, not only confirmed an increased fungal biomass but also decreased expressions of downstream resistance genes:  TaACT, TaDGK  and  TaGLI1,  along with decreased abundances of RRI metabolites biosynthesized by them. Among more than 200 FHB resistance QTL identified in wheat, this is the first QTL from which a TF was identified, and its downstream target genes as well as the FHB resistance functions were deciphered.

scientific reports

TaWRKY70 transcription factor in wheat QTL-2DL regulates downstream metabolite biosynthetic genes to resist Fusarium graminearum infection spread within spike