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In this study, we discovered that shrimp miR-100 was up-regulated at 24 h after WSSV or  Vibrio alginolyticus  infection, confirming its participation in the innate immune system of shrimp. The anti-miRNA oligonucleotide (AMO-miR-100) was applied to inhibit the expression of miR-100. After AMO-miR-100 treatment, the shrimp was challenged with WSSV or  V. alginolyticus . The knockdown of miR-100 expression decreased the mortality of WSSV-infected shrimp from 24 h to 72 h post-infection and enhanced the mortality of  V. alginolyticus -infected shrimp significantly. The knockdown of miR-100 affected phenoloxidase (PO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total hemocyte count (THC) after the infection with WSSV or  V. alginolyticus , indicating a regulative role of miR-100 in the immune potential of shrimp in the response to WSSV or  V. alginolyticus  infection. The knockdown of miR-100 induced the apoptosis of shrimp hemocytes, and  V. alginolyticus  + AMO-miR-100 treatment caused more hemocyte apoptosis than  V. alginolyticus  treatment. The miR-100 influenced also the morphology of shrimp hemocytes and regulated the phagocytosis of WSSV or  V. alginolyticus . Thus, we concluded that miR-100 may promote the anti- Vibrio  immune response of shrimp through regulating apoptosis, phagocytosis and PO activity and affects the progression of WSSV infection at a certain level.

MicroRNA-100 is involved in shrimp immune response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio alginolyticus infection