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Insects use chemical signals to find mates, food and oviposition sites. The main chemoreceptor gene families comprise odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs) and gustatory receptors (GRs). Understanding the evolution of these receptors as well as their function will assist in advancing our knowledge of how chemical stimuli are perceived and may consequently lead to the development of new insect management strategies. Tortricid moths are important pests in horticulture, forestry and agriculture around the globe. Here, we characterize chemoreceptors from the three main gene families of three economically important tortricids, based on male antennal transcriptomes using an RNA-Seq approach. We identified 49 ORs, 11 GRs and 23 IRs in the green budworm moth,  Hedya nubiferana;  49 ORs, 12 GRs and 19 IRs in the beech moth,  Cydia fagiglandana ; and 48 ORs, 11 GRs and 19 IRs in the pea moth,  Cydia nigricana . Transcript abundance estimation, phylogenetic relationships and molecular evolution rate comparisons with deorphanized receptors of  Cydia pomonella  allow us to hypothesize conserved functions and therefore candidate receptors for pheromones and kairomones.

Antennal transcriptomes of three tortricid moths reveal putative conserved chemosensory receptors for social and habitat olfactory cues