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Cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CESAs) play important roles in plant growth, development and disease resistance. Previous studies have shown an essential role of  Arabidopsis thaliana  CESA3 in plant growth. However, little is known about the role of CESA3 in species other than  A. thaliana . To gain a better understanding of CESA3, the petunia ( Petunia hybrida) PhCESA3  gene was isolated, and the role of  PhCESA3  in plant growth was analyzed in a wide range of plants.  PhCESA3  mRNA was present at varying levels in tissues examined. VIGS-mediated  PhCESA3  silencing resulted in dwarfing of plant height, which was consistent with the phenotype of the  A. thaliana rsw1  mutant (a temperature-sensitive allele of  AtCESA1 ), the  A. thaliana cev1  mutant (the  AtCESA3  mild mutant), and the antisense  AtCESA3  line. However,  PhCESA3  silencing led to swollen stems, pedicels, filaments, styles and epidermal hairs as well as thickened leaves and corollas, which were not observed in the  A. thaliana cev1  mutant, the  rsw1  mutant and the antisense  AtCESA3  line. Further micrographs showed that  PhCESA3  silencing reduced the length and increased the width of cells, suggesting that  PhCESA3  silencing inhibits elongation and stimulates radial expansion in petunia.