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Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa ) NSY50, isolated from vinegar residue substrate, suppresses the growth of  Fusarium oxysporum  in the cucumber rhizosphere and protects the host plant from pathogen invasion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of NSY50 application on cucumber growth, soil properties and composition of the rhizospheric soil microbial community after exposure to  Fusarium oxysporum.  Bacterial and fungal communities were investigated by Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (ITS1 and ITS2). The results showed that NSY50 effectively reduced the incidence of  Fusarium  wilt (56.4%) by altering the soil physico-chemical properties (e.g., pH, C mic , R mic , total N and C org ) and enzyme activities, especially of urease and β-glucosidase, which were significantly increased by 2.25- and 2.64-fold, respectively, relative to the pathogen treatment condition. More specifically, NSY50 application reduced the abundance of  Fusarium  and promoted potentially beneficial groups, including the  Bacillus, Actinobacteria, Streptomyces, Actinospica, Catenulispora  and  Pseudomonas  genera. Thus, our results suggest that NSY50 application can improve soil properties, shift the microbial community by increasing beneficial strains and decreasing pathogen colonization in the cucumber rhizosphere, and reduce the occurrence of cucumber  Fusarium  wilt, thereby promoting cucumber growth.

Paenibacillus polymyxa NSY50 suppresses Fusarium wilt in cucumbers by regulating the rhizospheric microbial community