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PTENP1 , a pseudogene of  PTEN , was previously reported to be a tumour suppressor in some cancer types. However, there was no evidence for the biological function and expression of  PTENP1  in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we evaluated the function and clinical implications of  PTENP1  in HNSCC. Using RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we found that the level of  PTENP1  was reduced in HNSCC specimens compared with adjacent tissues. A decrease in the  PTENP1  copy number, but not in the PTEN copy number, was frequently observed in tumour cell lines (4 of 5 cell lines) by genomic real-time PCR. Decreased  PTENP1  expression was significantly associated with a history of alcohol use (P = 0.034). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that low expression of  PTENP1  correlated with worse overall survival (OS, P = 0.005; HR:0.170; Cl:0.049 to 0.590) and disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.009; HR:0.195; Cl:0.057 to 0.664) rates of HNSCC patients. Furthermore, ectopic  PTENP1  expression inhibited the proliferation, colony formation and migration of HNSCC cells and the growth of xenograft HNSCC tumours. These results demonstrate that  PTENP1  might play an important role in the initiation and progression of HNSCC.

Decreased expression of pseudogene PTENP1 promotes malignant behaviours and is associated with the poor survival of patients with HNSCC