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The insecticidal toxicities of five essential oils against  Pochazia shantungensis  adults and nymphs, newly recorded pests, were evaluated. The LC 50  values of  Thymus vulgaris, Ruta graveolens, Citrus aurantium, Leptospermum petersonii  and  Achillea millefolium  oils were recorded as 57.48, 84.44, 92.58, 113.26 and 125.78 mg/L, respectively, against  P. shantungensis  nymphs using the leaf dipping bioassay, and 75.80, 109.86, 113.26, 145.06 and 153.74 mg/L, respectively, against  P. shantungensis  adults using the spray bioassay method. Regarding volatile components identified in  T. vulgaris  oil, the LC 50  values of carvacrol and thymol using the leaf dipping bioassay against  P. shantungensis  nymphs were 56.74 and 28.52 mg/L, respectively. The insecticidal action of  T. vulgaris  oil against  P. shantungensis  could be attributed to carvacrol and thymol. Based on the structure-toxicity relationship between thymol analogs and insecticidal toxicities against  P. shantungensis  nymphs similar to the LC 50  values against  P. shantungensis  adults, the LC 50  values of thymol, carvacrol, citral, 2-isopropylphenol, 3-isopropylphenol, and 4-isopropylphenol were 28.52, 56.74 and 89.12, 71.41, 82.49, and 111.28 mg/L, respectively. These results indicate that the insecticidal mode of action of thymol analogs may be largely attributed to the methyl functional group. Thymol analogues have promising potential as first-choice insecticides against  P. shantungensis  adults and nymphs.

Insecticidal toxicities of carvacrol and thymol derived from Thymus vulgaris Lin. against Pochazia shantungensis Chou & Lu., newly recorded pest