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Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, a diverse family, accumulate during seed desiccation in the later stages of embryogenesis. LEA proteins are associated with tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and high or cold temperature. Here, we report the first comprehensive survey of the LEA gene family in  Dendrobium officinale , an important and widely grown medicinal orchid in China. Based on phylogenetic relationships with the complete set of  Arabidopsis  and  Oryza  LEA proteins, 17 genes encoding  D. officinale  LEAs ( DofLEAs ) were identified and their deduced proteins were classified into seven groups. The motif composition of these deduced proteins was correlated with the gene structure found in each LEA group. Our results reveal the  DofLEA  genes are widely distributed and expressed in tissues. Additionally, 11 genes from different groups were introduced into  Escherichia coli  to assess the functions of  DofLEAs . Expression of 6 and 7  DofLEAs  in  E. coli  improved growth performance compared with the control under salt and heat stress, respectively. Based on qPCR data, all of these genes were up-regulated in various tissues following exposure to salt and heat stresses. Our results suggest that  DofLEAs  play an important role in responses to abiotic stress.

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Functional insights into the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein family from Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) using an Escherichia coli system