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Klebsiella pneumonia  infection rates have increased dramatically. Molecular typing and virulence analysis are powerful tools that can shed light on  Klebsiella pneumonia  infections. Whereas 77.7% (28/36) of clinical isolates indicated multidrug resistant (MDR) patterns, 50% (18/36) indicated carpabenem resistance. Gene prevalence for the AcrAB efflux pump (82.14%) was more than that of the mdtK efflux pump (32.14%) in the MDR isolates.  FimH-1  and  mrkD  genes were prevalent in wound and blood isolates.  FimH-1  gene was prevalent in sputum while  mrkD  gene was prevalent in urine. Serum resistance associated with outer membrane protein coding gene ( traT ) was found in all blood isolates.  IucC, entB,  and  Irp-1  were detected in 32.14%, 78.5% and 10.7% of MDR isolates, respectively. We used two Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analyses: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). ERIC-PCR revealed 21 and RAPD-PCR revealed 18 distinct patterns of isolates with similarity ≥80%. ERIC genotyping significantly correlated with resistance patterns and virulence determinants. RAPD genotyping significantly correlated with resistance patterns but not with virulence determinants. Both RAPD and ERIC genotyping methods had no correlation with the capsule types. These findings can help up better predict MDR  Klebsiella pneumoniae  outbreaks associated with specific genotyping patterns.

Molecular typing and virulence analysis of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered from Egyptian hospitals