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Since initial identification in China, the widespread geographical occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene  mcr-1  in  Enterobacteriaceae  has been of great concern. In this study, a total of 22  Salmonella enterica  were resistant to colistin, while only five isolates which belonged to ST34  Salmonella enterica  serovar Typhimurium ( S.  Typhimurium) were  mcr-1  positive. Four of them shared nearly identical PFGE type, although they were from different host species and diverse geographical locations. All the  mcr-1 -positive  S.  Typhimurium exhibited multi-resistant phenotypes including ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, florfenicol, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethox, in addition to colistin. The  oqxAB  and  aac ( 6 ′) -Ib-cr  genes were present alone or in combination in four (80.0%) and five (100%) isolates, respectively. The  mcr-1  gene was located on a transferable IncI2 plasmid in the four genetically related strains. In the other one strain,  mcr-1  was located on an approximately 190 kb IncHI2 plasmid. In conclusion, we report five  mcr-1- positive  S.  Typhimurium/ST34 isolates. Both clonal expansion and horizontal transmission of IncI2-type plasmids were involved in the spread of the  mcr-1  gene in  Salmonella enterica  from food-producing animals in China. There is a great need to monitor the potential dissemination of the  mcr-1  gene.

Clonal spread of mcr-1 in PMQR-carrying ST34 Salmonella isolates from animals in China