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Sorghum  is a highly efficient C4 crop with potential to mitigate challenges associated with food, feed and fuel. TCP proteins are of particular interest for crop improvement programs due to their well-demonstrated roles in crop domestication and shaping plant architecture thereby, affecting agronomic traits. We identified 20 TCP genes from  Sorghum . Except  SbTCP8 , all are either intronless or contain introns in the untranslated regions. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of  Arabidopsis , rice,  Brachypodium  and  Sorghum  TCP proteins revealed two distinct classes categorized into ten sub-clades. Sub-clade F is dicot-specific, whereas A2, G1 and I1 groups only contained genes from grasses. Sub-clade B was missing in  Sorghum , whereas group A1 was missing in rice indicating species-specific divergence of TCP proteins. TCP proteins of  Sorghum  are enriched in disorder promoting residues with class I containing higher percent disorder than class II proteins. Seven pairs of paralogous TCP genes were identified from  Sorghum , five of which seem to predate Rice- Sorghum  divergence. All of them have diverged in their expression. Based on the expression and orthology analysis, five  Sorghum  genes have been shortlisted for further investigation for their roles in regulating plant morphology. Whereas, three genes have been identified as candidates for engineering abiotic stress tolerance.

Comparative phylogenomic analysis provides insights into TCP gene functions in Sorghum