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Phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) plays an important role in assimilating atmospheric CO 2  during C 4  and crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis, and also participates in various non-photosynthetic processes, including fruit ripening, stomatal opening, supporting carbon–nitrogen interactions, seed formation and germination, and regulation of plant tolerance to stresses. However, a comprehensive analysis of PEPC family in  Glycine max  has not been reported. Here, a total of ten  PEPC  genes were identified in soybean and denominated as  GmPEPC1 - GmPEPC10 . Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the PEPC proteins from 13 higher plant species including soybean, PEPC family could be classified into two subfamilies, which was further supported by analyses of their conserved motifs and gene structures. Nineteen  cis -regulatory elements related to phytohormones, abiotic and biotic stresses were identified in the promoter regions of  GmPEPC  genes, indicating their roles in soybean development and stress responses.  GmPEPC  genes were expressed in various soybean tissues and most of them responded to the exogenously applied phytohormones.  GmPEPC6 ,  GmPEPC8  and  GmPEPC9  were significantly induced by aluminum toxicity, cold, osmotic and salt stresses. In addition, the enzyme activities of soybean PEPCs were also up-regulated by these treatments, suggesting their potential roles in soybean response to abiotic stresses.

Genome-wide Analysis of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Gene Family and Their Response to Abiotic Stresses in Soybean