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Both anthropogenic activities and climate change can affect the biogeochemical processes of natural wetland methanogenesis. Quantifying possible impacts of changing climate and wetland area on wetland methane (CH 4 ) emissions in China is important for improving our knowledge on CH 4  budgets locally and globally. However, their respective and combined effects are uncertain. We incorporated changes in wetland area derived from remote sensing into a dynamic CH 4  model to quantify the human and climate change induced contributions to natural wetland CH 4  emissions in China over the past three decades. Here we found that human-induced wetland loss contributed 34.3% to the CH 4  emissions reduction (0.92 TgCH 4 ), and climate change contributed 20.4% to the CH 4  emissions increase (0.31 TgCH 4 ), suggesting that decreasing CH 4  emissions due to human-induced wetland reductions has offset the increasing climate-driven CH 4  emissions. With climate change only, temperature was a dominant controlling factor for wetland CH 4  emissions in the northeast (high latitude) and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (high altitude) regions, whereas precipitation had a considerable influence in relative arid north China. The inevitable uncertainties caused by the asynchronous for different regions or periods due to inter-annual or seasonal variations among remote sensing images should be considered in the wetland CH 4  emissions estimation.

Climate-driven increase of natural wetland methane emissions offset by human-induced wetland reduction in China over the past three decades