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An agroforestry experiment was conducted that involved four planting systems: monoculture of the focal species  Zanthoxylum bungeanum  and mixed cultures of  Z. bungeanum  and  Capsicum annuum, Z. bungeanum  and  Medicago sativa  and  Z. bungeanum  and  Glycine max . Soil microbial food web (microorganisms and nematodes) was investigated under manipulated extreme rainfall in the four planting systems to assess whether presence of neighbor species alleviated the magnitude of extreme rainfall on nutrient uptake of the focal species by increasing the stability of soil food web. Our results indicate that in the focal species and  G. max  mixed culture, leaf nitrogen contents of the focal species were higher than in the monoculture and in the other mixed cultures under extreme rainfall. This result was mainly due to the significant increase under extreme rainfall of  G. max  species root biomass, resulting in enhanced microbial resistance and subsequent net nitrogen mineralization rate and leaf nitrogen uptake for the focal species. Differences in functional traits of neighbors had additive effects and led to a marked divergence of soil food-web resistance and nutrient uptake of the focal species. Climate change can indirectly alleviate focal species via its influence on their neighbors.

The response of the soil microbial food web to extreme rainfall under different plant systems