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The buoyancy of  Microcystis  colonies is a principal factor determining blooms occurrence but the knowledge of seasonal variation in buoyancy is quite poor because of challenge in analysis method. In this study, a method based on the Stokes’ Law after researching on the effects of shapes on settling velocity of  Microcystis  colonies, whose gas vesicles were collapsed, to accurately measure density was established. The method was used in Lake Taihu. From January to May, mean density of  Microcystis  colonies decreased from 995 kg m −3  to 978 kg m −3  and then increased to 992 kg m −3  in December. The density of colonies in different  Microcystis  species was in the order  M. wesenbergii  >  M. aeruginosa  >  M. ichthyoblabe . For all the  Microcystis  species, the density of colonies with gas vasicles increased significantly along with the increase of colony size. Our results suggested that the main driving factor of  Microcystis  blooms formation in Lake Taihu was low density for  M. ichthyoblabe  from May to July but was large colony size for  M. wesenbergii  and  M. aeruginosa  from August to October.

To increase size or decrease density? Different Microcystis species has different choice to form blooms