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The opportunistic pathogenic yeast  Candida glabrata  is a component of the mycobiota of both humans and yellow-legged gulls that is prone to develop fluconazole resistance. Whether gulls are a reservoir of the yeast and facilitate the dissemination of human  C .  glabrata  strains remains an open question. In this study, MLVA genotyping highlighted the lack of genetic structure of 190  C .  glabrata  strains isolated from either patients in three hospitals or fecal samples collected from gull breeding colonies located in five distinct areas along the French Mediterranean littoral. Fluconazole-resistant isolates were evenly distributed between both gull and human populations. These findings demonstrate that gulls are a reservoir of this species and facilitate the diffusion of  C .  glabrata  and indirect transmission to human or animal hosts via environmental contamination. This eco-epidemiological view, which can be applied to other vertebrate host species, broadens our perspective regarding the reservoirs and dissemination patterns of antifungal-resistant human pathogenic yeast.

Opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata circulates between humans and yellow-legged gulls