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The presenilin-mediated Notch1 cleavage pathway plays a critical role in controlling pancreatic beta cell fate and survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Notch1 activation in glucotoxicity-induced beta cell impairment and the contributions of  miR-375 ,  miR-30a , and  miR-34a  to this pathway. We found that the protein levels of presenilins (PSEN1 and PSEN2), and NOTCH1 were decreased in INS-1 cells after treatment with increased concentrations of glucose, whereas no significant alteration of mRNA level of  Notch1  was observed. Targeting of  miR-375 ,  miR-30a , and  miR-34a  to the 3′utr of  Psen1 ,  Psen2 , and  Notch1 , respectively, reduced the amounts of relevant proteins, thereby reducing NICD1 amounts and causing beta cell apoptosis. Overexpression of NICD1 blocked the effects of glucotoxicity as well as miRNA overabundance. Downregulating the expression of  miR-375 ,  miR-30a , and  miR-34a  restored PSEN1, PSEN2, and NICD1 production and prevented glucotoxicity-induced impairment of the beta cells. These patterns of miRNA regulation of the Notch1 cleavage pathway were reproduced in GK rats as well as in aged rats. Our findings demonstrated that miRNA-mediated suppression of NICD1 links the presenilin/Notch1 pathway to glucotoxicity in mature pancreatic beta cells.

A Presenilin/Notch1 pathway regulated by miR-375, miR-30a, and miR-34a mediates glucotoxicity induced-pancreatic beta cell apoptosis