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The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating innate immune response to  Candida albicans  infection in  Caenorhabditis elegans  is still largely unclear. Using small RNA SOLiD deep sequencing technique, we profiled the miRNAs that were dysregulated by  C. albicans  infection. We identified 16 miRNAs that were up-regulated and 4 miRNAs that were down-regulated in nematodes infected with  C. albicans . Bioinformatics analysis implied that these dysregulated miRNAs may be involved in the control of many important biological processes. Using available mutants, we observed that  mir-251  and  mir-252  loss-of-function mutants were resistant to  C. albicans  infection, whereas  mir-360  mutants were hypersensitive to  C. albicans  infection. The expression pattern of antimicrobial genes suggested that  mir-251 ,  mir-252 , and  mir-360  played crucial roles in regulating the innate immune response to  C. albicans  infection. Fungal burden might be closely associated with altered lifespan and innate immune response in  mir-251 ,  mir-252 , and  mir-360  mutants. Moreover,  mir-251  and  mir-252  might function downstream of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) or IGF-1/insulin-like pathway to regulate the innate immune response to  C. albicans  infection. Our results provide an important molecular basis for further elucidating how miRNA-mRNA networks may control the innate immune response to  C. albicans  infection.

microRNAs Involved in the Control of Innate Immunity in Candida Infected Caenorhabditis elegans