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Separation of enantiomers by flows is a promising chiral resolution methodusing cost-effective microfluidics. Notwithstanding a number of experimentaland numerical studies, a fundamental understanding still remains elusive, andan important question as to whether it is possible to specify common physicalproperties of flows that induce separation has not been addressed. Here, westudy the separation of rigid chiral objects of an arbitrary shape induced by alinear flow field at low Reynolds numbers. Based on a symmetry property underparity inversion, we show that the rate-of-strain field is essential to driftthe objects in opposite directions according to chirality. From eigenmodeanalysis, we also derive an analytic expression for the separation conditionswhich shows that the flow field should be quasi-two-dimensional for the preciseand efficient resolutions of microscopic enantiomers. We demonstrate thisprediction by Langevin dynamics simulations with hydrodynamic interactionsfully implemented. Finally, we discuss the practical feasibility of the linearflow analysis, considering separations by a vortex flow or an extensional flowunder a confining potential.

Chiral Separation by Flows: The Role of Flow Symmetry and Dimensionality