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The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor (IGF-IR) is necessary for IGF signalling and has essential roles in cellular growth. In teleost fish, two distinct IGF-IR duplicates are conserved called IGF-IRa and IGF-IRb. However, while a salmonid-specific whole genome duplication (ssWGD) is known to have expanded several key genes within the IGF axis, its impact on the IGF-IR repertoire remains unresolved. Using bioinformatic and phylogenetic approaches, we establish that salmonids retain two  IGF-IRa  paralogues from ssWGD and a single  IGF-IRb  copy. We measured the tissue-specific and developmental transcriptional regulation of each  IGF-IR  gene, revealing tight co-expression between the  IGF-IRa  paralogues, but expression divergence comparing  IGF-IRa  and  IGF-IRb  genes. We also examined the regulation of each  IGF-IR  gene in fish challenged by bacterial and viral infections, adding to recent reports that the IGF axis has roles linking growth and immunity. While whole salmonid fry showed a small upregulation of  IGF-IR  expression during both types of infection, bacterial challenge caused striking downregulation of  IGF-IRa1  and  IGF-IRa2  in head kidney and spleen of adult fish, alongside genes coding IGF hormones, highlighting a strong repression of IGF-signalling in primary immune tissues. The reported immune-responsive regulation of  IGF-IR  genes adds to an emerging body of evidence that supports important cross-talk between master growth and immune pathways in vertebrates.

The complete salmonid IGF-IR gene repertoire and its transcriptional response to disease