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Reticulate evolution, introgressive hybridisation, and phenotypic plasticity have been documented in scleractinian corals and have challenged our ability to interpret speciation processes.  Stylophora  is a key model system in coral biology and physiology, but genetic analyses have revealed that cryptic lineages concealed by morphological stasis exist in the  Stylophora pistillata  species complex. The Red Sea represents a hotspot for  Stylophora  biodiversity with six morphospecies described, two of which are regionally endemic. We investigated  Stylophora  species boundaries from the Red Sea and the associated  Symbiodinium  by sequencing seven DNA loci.  Stylophora  morphospecies from the Red Sea were not resolved based on mitochondrial phylogenies and showed nuclear allele sharing. Low genetic differentiation, weak isolation, and strong gene flow were found among morphospecies although no signals of genetic recombination were evident among them.  Stylophora mamillata  harboured  Symbiodinium  clade C whereas the other two  Stylophora  morphospecies hosted either  Symbiodinium  clade A or C. These evolutionary patterns suggest that either gene exchange occurs through reticulate evolution or that multiple ecomorphs of a phenotypically plastic species occur in the Red Sea. The recent origin of the lineage leading to the Red Sea  Stylophora  may indicate an ongoing speciation driven by environmental changes and incomplete lineage sorting.

Recent origin and semi-permeable species boundaries in the scleractinian coral genus Stylophora from the Red Sea