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The emission of isoprene and other biogenic volatile organic compounds from vegetation plays an important role in tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) formation. The potentially large expansion of isoprene emitting species (e.g., poplars) for bioenergy production might, therefore, impact tropospheric O 3  formation. Using the eddy covariance technique we have simultaneously measured fluxes isoprene, O 3  and of CO 2  from a poplar ( Populus ) plantation grown for bioenergy production. We used the chemistry transport model LOTOS-EUROS to scale-up the isoprene emissions associated with the existing poplar plantations in Europe, and we assessed the impact of isoprene fluxes on ground level O 3  concentrations. Our findings suggest that isoprene emissions from existing poplar-for-bioenergy plantations do not significantly affect the ground level of O 3  concentration. Indeed the overall land in Europe covered with poplar plantations has not significantly changed over the last two decades despite policy incentives to produce bioenergy crops. The current surface area of isoprene emitting poplars-for-bioenergy remains too limited to significantly enhance O 3  concentrations and thus to be considered a potential threat for air quality and human health.

Interaction between isoprene and ozone fluxes in a poplar plantation and its impact on air quality at the European level