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Purple foliage always appears in  Camellia sinensis  families; however, the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis is unknown. The tea bud sport cultivar ‘Zijuan’ confers an abnormal pattern of anthocyanin accumulation, resulting in a mutant phenotype that has a striking purple color in young foliage and in the stem. In this study, we aimed to unravel the underlying molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthetic regulation in  C. sinensis . Our results revealed that activation of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) anthocyanin1 (CsAN1) specifically upregulated the bHLH TF CsGL3 and anthocyanin late biosynthetic genes (LBGs) to confer ectopic accumulation of pigment in purple tea. We found CsAN1 interacts with bHLH TFs (CsGL3 and CsEGL3) and recruits a WD-repeat protein CsTTG1 to form the MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) complex that regulates anthocyanin accumulation. We determined that the hypomethylation of a CpG island in the  CsAN1  promoter is associated with the purple phenotype. Furthermore, we demonstrated that low temperature and long illumination induced  CsAN1  promoter demethylation, resulting in upregulated expression to promote anthocyanin accumulation in the foliage. The successful isolation of  CsAN1  provides important information on the regulatory control of anthocyanin biosynthesis in  C. sinensis  and offers a genetic resource for the development of new varieties with enhanced anthocyanin content.

Purple foliage coloration in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) arises from activation of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor CsAN1