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Gene abnormalities in  RBFOX1,  encoding an mRNA-splicing factor, have been shown to cause autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Since pathophysiological significance of the dominant nuclear isoform in neurons,  RBFOX1 -isoform1 (iso1), remains to be elucidated, we performed comprehensive analyses of  Rbfox1 -iso1 during mouse corticogenesis. Knockdown of  Rbfox1 -iso1 by  in utero  electroporation caused abnormal neuronal positioning during corticogenesis, which was attributed to impaired migration. The defects were found to occur during radial migration and terminal translocation, perhaps due to impaired nucleokinesis. Axon extension and dendritic arborization were also suppressed  in vivo  in  Rbfox1 -iso1-deficient cortical neurons. In addition, electrophysiology experiments revealed significant defects in the membrane and synaptic properties of the deficient neurons. Aberrant morphology was further confirmed by  in vitro  analyses;  Rbfox1 -iso1-konckdown in hippocampal neurons resulted in the reduction of primary axon length, total length of dendrites, spine density and mature spine number. Taken together, this study shows that  Rbfox1 -iso1 plays an important role in neuronal migration and synapse network formation during corticogenesis. Defects in these critical processes may induce structural and functional defects in cortical neurons, and consequently contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders with  RBFOX1  abnormalities.

Essential role of the nuclear isoform of RBFOX1, a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorders, in the brain development