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The resilience of tropical corals to ocean acidification depends on their ability to regulate the pH within their calcifying fluid (pH cf ). Recent work suggests pH cf  homeostasis under short-term exposure to pCO 2  conditions predicted for 2100, but it is still unclear if pH cf  homeostasis can be maintained throughout a corals lifetime. At CO 2  seeps in Papua New Guinea, massive  Porites  corals have grown along a natural seawater pH gradient for decades. This natural gradient, ranging from pH 8.1–7.4, provides an ideal platform to determine corals’ pH cf  (using boron isotopes).  Porites  maintained a similar pH cf  (~8.24) at both a control (pH 8.1) and seep-influenced site (pH 7.9). Internal pH cf  was slightly reduced (8.12) at seawater pH 7.6, and decreased to 7.94 at a site with a seawater pH of 7.4. A growth response model based on pH cf  mirrors the observed distribution patterns of this species in the field. We suggest  Porites  has the capacity to acclimate after long-time exposure to end-of-century reduced seawater pH conditions and that strong control over pH cf  represents a key mechanism to persist in future oceans. Only beyond end-of-century pCO 2  conditions do they face their current physiological limit of pH homeostasis and pH cf  begins to decrease.

Internal pH regulation facilitates in situ long-term acclimation of massive corals to end-of-century carbon dioxide conditions