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Bilateral animals are featured by an extremely compact mitochondrial (mt) genome with 37 genes on a single circular chromosome. To date, the complete mt genome has only been determined for four species of  Liposcelis , a genus with economic importance, including  L. entomophila ,  L. decolor ,  L. bostrychophila , and  L. paeta . They belong to A, B, or D group of  Liposcelis , respectively. Unlike most bilateral animals,  L. bostrychophila ,  L. entomophila  and  L. paeta  have a bitipartite mt genome with genes on two chromosomes. However, the mt genome of  L. decolor  has the typical mt chromosome of bilateral animals. Here, we sequenced the mt genome of  L. sculptilis , and identified 35 genes, which were on a single chromosome. The mt genome fragmentation is not shared by the D group of  Liposcelis  and the single chromosome of  L. sculptilis  differed from those of booklice known in gene content and gene arrangement. We inferred that different evolutionary patterns and rate existed in  Liposcelis . Further, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of 21 psocodean taxa with phylogenetic analyses, which suggested that Liposcelididae and Phthiraptera have evolved 134 Ma and the sucking lice diversified in the Late Cretaceous.

The mitochondrial genome of booklouse, Liposcelis sculptilis (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) and the evolutionary timescale of Liposcelis