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KIAA0319  at the DYX2 locus is one of the most extensively studied candidate genes for developmental dyslexia (DD) owing to its important role in neuronal migration. Previous research on associations between  KIAA0319  genetic variations and DD has yielded inconsistent results. It is important to establish a more precise estimate of the DD risk associated with these genetic variations. We carried out a meta-analysis of association studies involving  KIAA0319  polymorphisms and DD risk. The results of pooled analysis indicated that none of the six investigated markers in or near the  KIAA0319  gene are associated with DD. However, a stratified analysis by the study population revealed opposite associations involving  KIAA0319  rs4504469 in European and Asian subgroups. The stratified analysis also showed that the  KIAA0319  rs9461045 minor allele (T allele) has a protective effect in Asians. This meta-analysis has allowed us to establish the effects of specific  KIAA0319  polymorphisms on DD risk with greater precision, as they vary across populations; analyzing one single nucleotide polymorphism at a time could not fully explain the genetic association for DD.

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Opposite Associations between Individual KIAA0319 Polymorphisms and Developmental Dyslexia Risk across Populations: A Stratified Meta-Analysis by the Study Population