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Positive-sense RNA viruses have a small genome with very limited coding capacity and are highly dependent on host components to fulfill their life cycle. Recent studies have suggested that DEAD-box RNA helicases play vital roles in many aspects of RNA metabolism. To explore the possible role of the RNA helicases in viral infection, we used the  Turnip mosaic virus  (TuMV)- Arabidopsis  pathosystem. The  Arabidopsis  genome encodes more than 100 putative RNA helicases (AtRH). Over 41  Arabidopsis  T-DNA insertion mutants carrying genetic lesions in the corresponding 26  AtRH  genes were screened for their requirement in TuMV infection. TuMV infection assays revealed that virus accumulation significantly decreased in the  Arabidopsis  mutants of three genes,  AtRH9 ,  AtRH26 , and  PRH75 . In the present work,  AtRH9  was further characterized. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that AtRH9 interacted with the TuMV NIb protein, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Moreover, the subcellular distribution of AtRH9 was altered in the virus-infected cells, and AtRH9 was recruited to the viral replication complex. These results suggest that  Arabidopsis  AtRH9 is an important component of the TuMV replication complex, possibly recruited via its interaction with NIb.

Recruitment of Arabidopsis RNA Helicase AtRH9 to the Viral Replication Complex by Viral Replicase to Promote Turnip Mosaic Virus Replication