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Sarcosine oxidase catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to yield glycine, formaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we analyzed the transcription and regulation of the  sox  locus, including the sarcosine oxidase-encoding genes in  Bacillus thuringiensis  (Bt). RT-PCR analysis revealed that the  sox  locus forms two opposing transcriptional units:  soxB  ( soxB/E/F/G/H/I ) and  soxR  ( soxR/C/D/A ). The typical −12/−24 consensus sequence was located 15 bp and 12 bp from the transcriptional start site (TSS) of  soxB  and  soxC , respectively. Promoter- lacZ  fusion assays showed that the  soxB  promoter is controlled by the Sigma 54  factor and is activated by the Sigma 54 -dependent transcriptional regulator SoxR. SoxR also inhibits its own expression. Expression from the P soxCR  promoter, which is responsible for the transcription of  soxC ,  soxD,  and  soxA , is Sigma 54 -dependent and requires SoxR. An 11-bp inverted repeat sequence was identified as SoxR binding site upstream of the  soxB  TSS. Purified SoxR specifically bound a DNA fragment containing this region. Mutation or deletion of this sequence abolished the transcriptional activities of  soxB  and  soxC . Thus, SoxR binds to the same sequence to activate the transcription of  soxB  and  soxC . Sarcosine utilization was abolished in  soxB  and  soxR  mutants, suggesting that the  sox  locus is essential for sarcosine utilization.

Sox transcription in sarcosine utilization is controlled by Sigma54 and SoxR in Bacillus thuringiensis HD73