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Type II Toxin-Antitoxin systems (TAs), known for their presence in virulent and antibiotic resistant bacterial strains, were recently identified in  Salmonella enterica  isolates. However, the relationships between the presence of TAs ( ccd AB and  vap BC) and the epidemiological and genetic features of different non-typhoidal  Salmonella  serovars are largely unknown, reducing our understanding of the ecological success of different serovars.  Salmonella enterica  isolates from different sources, belonging to different serovars and epidemiologically unrelated according to ERIC profiles, were investigated for the presence of type II TAs, plasmid content, and antibiotic resistance. The results showed the ubiquitous presence of the  vap BC gene in all the investigated  Salmonella  isolates, but a diverse distribution of  ccd AB, which was detected in the most widespread  Salmonella  serovars, only. Analysis of the plasmid toxin  ccd B translated sequence of four selected  Salmonella  isolates showed the presence of the amino acid substitution R99W, known to impede  in vitro  the lethal effect of CcdB toxin in the absence of its cognate antitoxin CcdA. These findings suggest a direct role of the TAs in promoting adaptability and persistence of the most prevalent  Salmonella  serovars, thus implying a wider eco-physiological role for these type II TAs.

Diverse distribution of Toxin-Antitoxin II systems in Salmonella enterica serovars