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The methylation-dependent restriction endonuclease (REase) BisI (G m5 C ↓ N G C) is found in  Bacillus subtilis  T30. We expressed and purified the BisI endonuclease and 34 BisI homologs identified in bacterial genomes. 23 of these BisI homologs are active based on digestion of  m5 C-modified substrates. Two major specificities were found among these BisI family enzymes: Group I enzymes cut GCNGC containing two to four  m5 C in the two strands, or hemi-methylated sites containing two  m5 C in one strand; Group II enzymes only cut GCNGC sites containing three to four  m5 C, while one enzyme requires all four cytosines to be modified for cleavage. Another homolog, Esp638I cleaves GCS ↓ SGC (relaxed specificity RCN ↓ NGY, containing at least four  m5 C). Two BisI homologs show degenerate specificity cleaving unmodified DNA. Many homologs are small proteins ranging from 150 to 190 amino acid (aa) residues, but some homologs associated with mobile genetic elements are larger and contain an extra C-terminal domain. More than 156 BisI homologs are found in >60 bacterial genera, indicating that these enzymes are widespread in bacteria. They may play an important biological function in restricting pre-modified phage DNA.

Expression and purification of the modification-dependent restriction enzyme BisI and its homologous enzymes