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Nonlinear photonic nanostructures that allow efficient all-optical switching are considered to be a prospective platform for novel building blocks in photonics. We performed time-resolved measurements of the photoinduced transient third-order nonlinear optical response of a fishnet metamaterial. The mutual influence of two non-collinear pulses exciting the magnetic resonance of the metamaterial was probed by detecting the third-harmonic radiation as a function of the time delay between pulses. Subpicosecond-scale dynamics of the metamaterial’s  χ  (3)  was observed; the all-optical  χ  (3)  modulation depth was found to be approximately 70% at a pump fluence of only 20  μ J/cm 2 .

Ultrafast control of third-order optical nonlinearities in fishnet metamaterials