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Responses of plant traits to climate changes are complex, which could be mirrored by the investigations of herbarium specimens. By examining specimens of  Rosa  and  Cotoneaster  species collected since 1920s in Hengduan Mountains, we analyzed the changes of flowering phenology and flower size in the past century when climate changes were considered to be intensified. We found that flowering phenology of  Rosa  showed no significant change, but flowering phenology of  Cotoneaster  was delayed in recent years. Flower size of  Rosa  species showed a marginally significant decrease over the past century. The results suggested that responses of flowering time to global changes and pollinator mediated selection on floral traits might be more complex than what were expected. Our results indicated that future researches based on investigations of herbarium specimens should be carried out on multiple plant species with different flower structures and life histories to better understand the effects of climate changes on plant traits.

Changes of flowering phenology and flower size in rosaceous plants from a biodiversity hotspot in the past century