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Calnexin (Cnx) and calreticulin (Crt), which are important chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), participate in the folding and quality control of client proteins.  Cnx  and  Crt  identified from Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ) are designated as  EsCnx  and  EsCrt , respectively.  EsCnx  and  EsCrt  are expressed in the hemocyte, hepatopancrea, gill, and intestine at the mRNA and protein level. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that EsCnx and EsCRT are located in the ER. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of  EsCnx  and  EsCrt  were altered by challenge with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycans (PGN),  Staphyloccocus aureus , and  Vibrio parahaemolyticus . Recombinant EsCnx and EsCrt (rEsCnx and rEsCrt, respectively) proteins can bind to various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as to different polysaccharides (LPS and PGN). rEsCnx and rEsCrt assisted in the clearance of  V. parahaemolyticus in vivo , and the clearance efficiency was impaired after silencing of  EsCnx  and  EsCrt . Our results suggest that the two ER proteins are involved in anti-bacterial immunity in  E. sinensis .

Two endoplasmic reticulum proteins (calnexin and calreticulin) are involved in innate immunity in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)