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The necrotrophic fungal pathogen  Sclerotinia trifoliorum  exhibits ascospore dimorphism and unidirectional mating type switching - self-fertile strains derived from large ascospores produce both self-fertile (large-spores) and self-sterile (small-spores) offsprings in a 4:4 ratio. The present study, comparing DNA sequences at  MAT  locus of both self-fertile and self-sterile strains, found four mating type genes ( MAT1-1-1 ,  MAT1-1-5 ,  MAT1-2-1  and  MAT1-2-4 ) in the self-fertile strain. However, a 2891-bp region including the entire  MAT1-2-1  and  MAT1-2-4  genes had been completely deleted from the  MAT  locus in the self-sterile strain. Meanwhile, two copies of a 146-bp direct repeat motif flanking the deleted region were found in the self-fertile strain, but only one copy of this 146-bp motif (a part of the  MAT1-1-1  gene) was present in the self-sterile strain. The two direct repeats were believed to be responsible for the deletion through homologous intra-molecular recombination in meiosis. Tetrad analyses showed that all small ascospore-derived strains lacked the missing DNA between the two direct repeats that was found in all large ascospore-derived strains. In addition, heterokaryons at the  MAT  locus were observed in field isolates as well as in laboratory derived isolates.

Direct repeat-mediated DNA deletion of the mating type MAT1-2 genes results in unidirectional mating type switching in Sclerotinia trifoliorum