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Sediment resuspension occurs in the global ocean, which greatly affects material exchange between the sediment and the overlying seawater. The behaviours of carbon, nutrients, heavy metals, and other pollutants at the sediment-seawater boundary will further link to climate change, eutrophication, and marine pollution. Residual β activity of particulate  234 Th (RA P234 ) is used as a novel proxy to track sediment resuspension in different marine environments, including the western Arctic Ocean, the South China Sea, and the Southern Ocean. Sediment resuspension identified by high activity of RA P234  is supported by different lines of evidence including seawater turbidity, residence time of total  234 Th, Goldschmidt’s classification, and ratio of RA P234  to particulate organic carbon. A conceptual model is proposed to elucidate the mechanism for RA P234  with dominant contributions from  234 Th- 238 U and  212 Bi- 228 Th. The ‘slope assumption’ for RA P234  indicated increasing intensity of sediment resuspension from spring to autumn under the influence of the East Asian monsoon system. RA P234  can shed new light on  234 Th-based particle dynamics and should benefit the interpretation of historical  234 Th- 238 U database. RA P234  resembles lithophile elements and has broad implications for investigating particle dynamics in the estuary-shelf-slope-ocean continuum and linkage of the atmosphere-ocean-sediment system.

Residual β activity of particulate 234Th as a novel proxy for tracking sediment resuspension in the ocean